Linear projects
Highways, railways, pipelines and transmission lines cross many villages in thin strips. Consistent chainage references and village-wise teams matter most.
Services · Land acquisition and resettlement
Household census, asset and livelihood records for R&R under the 2013 land acquisition law
Bharat Survey works as a rehabilitation and resettlement survey agency for R&R administrators, project authorities, SIA units and the consultants preparing resettlement plans. Our field teams enumerate every affected family, record land, structures, livelihoods and common property resources, and tie each record to GPS points and photographs, so the draft R&R scheme rests on a census that affected people and reviewers can check.
- Full census of affected families, not a sample
- Land, structures, trees and livelihoods recorded
- Photos and GPS points on every asset
- Local-language interviews with consent
Survey 5/6 · Photo
Photo of a public issue
Camera · no faces
5 MB → 210 KB · with location/time
SkipTake photo
3,000
Target homes
2,184
Visits
1,962
Enumerated
1,871
Verified
Daily verified recordsLast 12 days
Quality
Accepted1871
In review64
Outside area19
Weak signal8
Coverage · by block
Block A62%
Block B48%
Block C31%
Block D24%
RFCTLARR Act 2013Census of affected familiesStructure enumerationLivelihood lossCommon property resourcesVulnerable householdsPublic hearingsEntitlement matrix inputs
The legal requirement
Section 16 of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 requires the Administrator for R&R to conduct a survey and census of affected families after the preliminary notification, and to prepare a draft R&R scheme from it.
The Act lists what that survey and census must cover: particulars of land and immovable property of each affected family, livelihoods lost by land losers and by landless people who depend on the land, affected public utilities and government buildings, affected amenities and infrastructure, and common property resources being acquired.
Legal responsibility stays with the Administrator. What an agency provides is the field capacity to do this completely and accurately, often across many villages at once, with records that stand up when families question their entitlements.
Why accuracy matters more than speed here
An R&R census decides who is counted as an affected family. A missed tenant, a sharecropper recorded as absent, or a structure photographed from the wrong plot becomes a grievance that can stall a project for months. We would rather take extra days to revisit than deliver a list with gaps.
Section 16 survey covers
- Land and immovable property per family
- Livelihoods lost, including landless dependants
- Affected public utilities and buildings
- Affected amenities and infrastructure
- Common property resources
Field method
A census survey of affected families is a 100% enumeration. The method is built to make sure no one is missed and no one is counted twice.
- 01
Map the acquisition footprint
Load the notified land schedule, village maps and plot numbers into the app so enumerators know exactly which plots and structures are in scope.SetupRam Kumar · shift on26.8467 N · 80.9462 E · ±12 m14Received12Accepted1Review1Outside - 02
Village meetings before enumeration
Inform residents of dates, purpose and what documents to keep ready, alongside panchayat representatives, so absent families can plan to be present.Setup
- 03
Household and structure enumeration
Every family and structure recorded with GPS, photos, family members, occupation, income sources and documents sighted — owners, tenants, sharecroppers and encroachers alike.FieldworkSurvey 5/6 · PhotoPhoto of a public issueCamera · no faces5 MB → 210 KB · with location/timeSkipTake photo - 04
Revisits and cross-checks
Locked houses and absent families are revisited. Records are matched against land records to find plots with no enumerated family.QAOutside area · 14.2 km away · in review - 05
Draft lists displayed for objections
Village-wise lists go to the Administrator for display and objections. We record claims and update the data with evidence.Handover3,000Target homes2,184Visits1,962Enumerated1,871VerifiedDaily verified recordsLast 12 daysQualityAccepted1871In review64Outside area19Weak signal8Coverage · by blockBlock A62%Block B48%Block C31%Block D24%
Ram Kumar · shift on
26.8467 N · 80.9462 E · ±12 m
14
Received
12
Accepted
1
Review
1
Outside
Survey 5/6 · Photo
Photo of a public issue
Camera · no faces
5 MB → 210 KB · with location/time
SkipTake photo
Outside area · 14.2 km away · in review
3,000
Target homes
2,184
Visits
1,962
Enumerated
1,871
Verified
Daily verified recordsLast 12 days
Quality
Accepted1871
In review64
Outside area19
Weak signal8
Coverage · by block
Block A62%
Block B48%
Block C31%
Block D24%
Our position on R&R data
Project types
A land acquisition survey agency faces different field problems on a highway than on a dam or industrial park.
Reservoirs and irrigation
Whole villages may be displaced, so community assets, grazing land and seasonal livelihoods need careful recording.
Urban projects
Metro, road-widening and redevelopment affect tenants, shops and street vendors whose rights depend on occupancy evidence.
Industrial and mining
Loss of agricultural wage work often hits landless labourers hardest, and must be recorded explicitly.
What we record
An affected families survey for land acquisition collects four kinds of evidence.
Household profile
Family members, age, gender, disability, social category where legally required for entitlements, occupation and income sources.
- Vulnerable household flags
- Female-headed households
- Consent recorded
Land, structures and trees
Structure type, use, area estimate and construction material, plus trees, wells and other assets on the plot, each with photos.
- Same-angle photos
- GPS per asset
- Use: residential or commercial
Livelihood restoration plan survey
A livelihood restoration plan survey records how each family earns, how dependent it is on the affected land, skills and preferences for restoration options.
- Land-based income share
- Skills inventory
- Restoration preferences
Common property and public assets
Temples, schools, wells, grazing land, cremation grounds and roads, recorded with the community's description of use.
- Asset location
- Users and use
- Replacement needs
Survey 3/6 · AmenitiesOffline
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- Comes regularly
- Comes sometimes
- Rarely / never
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Beyond the census
Resettlement action plan consultant India teams: field inputs
A resettlement action plan consultant in India writes the plan and entitlement matrix, often to national law and lender standards together. We provide the census, socio-economic baseline and livelihood data the plan depends on, in formats the consultant specifies.
Public hearing facilitation agency tasks
The Act requires public hearings during social impact assessment. As a public hearing facilitation agency we can handle logistics support, attendance registers, recording of issues raised and translation, under the direction of the SIA unit or appropriate government.
R and R survey services are also useful after resettlement: repeat surveys of the same families show whether incomes and living conditions recovered, which is the real test of any scheme.
Quality safeguards
Completeness
- Plot-to-family reconciliation report
- Revisit log for absent households
- Tenants and landless dependants included
Evidence
- GPS and photos for every structure
- Documents sighted listed, not copied without consent
- Timestamps on every record
Fairness
- Local-language interviews
- Women interviewed where relevant
- Objection records kept with outcomes
Not the right fit if
- Valuation of land or structures for compensation
- Legal determination of title or eligibility
- Cadastral land measurement by licensed surveyors
- Claims of SIA empanelment with any state
A good fit if
- Complete census of affected families
- Asset and livelihood evidence at scale
- Offline fieldwork in remote project villages
- Data for R&R schemes, RAPs and monitoring
FAQ
Straight answers to the questions people ask most about this topic.
Who is responsible for the R&R survey under the 2013 Act?
Section 16 places the survey and census of affected families on the Administrator for Rehabilitation and Resettlement, after the preliminary notification under Section 11. Agencies like ours provide field capacity and data under the Administrator's direction; the legal responsibility and decisions remain with the government.
Is an R&R survey a sample survey?
No. Identifying affected families requires a complete census of everyone in the affected area. Sample surveys can support socio-economic analysis, but the entitlement list must be complete.
Do you include tenants and landless workers?
Yes. The Act's definition of affected family covers more than landowners, including those whose livelihood primarily depends on the land. We record occupancy and livelihood dependence for everyone found, and the authority determines eligibility.
Can your teams work in remote villages without network?
Yes. The survey app works offline, storing GPS, photos and timestamps on the device and syncing when network returns.
India Nationwide, Hindi-first
Share the project footprint, number of villages and timeline. We will propose a census plan and team structure.